Fig. 2

Myofiber TGF-β signaling deficiency exacerbated local muscle inflammation and impaired the transition of muscle macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in inflamed muscle. H&E staining (A) of CTX-damaged TA muscle. Immunofluorescence double-staining (B) of F4/80, CD11b and Dystrophin. FACS analysis of the proportion of CD45⁺CD11b⁺ , CD45⁺F4/80⁺ cells (C), M1 (F4/80⁺Ly6C⁺ or F4/80⁺MHC-II⁺) and M2 (F4/80⁺CD206⁺ or F4/80⁺CX3CR1⁺) cells (D). qRT-PCR analysis (E) in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory mediators (Arg-1, Retlna, Mrc1) in sorted macrophages. Multiple comparisons were analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Statistical data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). Bar = 50 μm