Fig. 2
From: Cancer stem cell fate determination: mito-nuclear communication
Mitochondrial energy metabolism and cancer stem cell stemness. A Acetyl-CoA promotes the expression of stemness-related transcription factors by enhancing the acetylation levels of histone H4K8ac, H4K12ac, and H4K16ac. βHB upregulates the expression levels of CSC marker genes by increasing the β-hydroxybutyrylation level of histone H3K9bhb. B Metformin suppresses mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation and downregulates the expression of CSC-related genes. Inhibitors of the key methionine cycle enzymes MAT2A, cycloleucine and FIDAS-5 reduce CSC stemness by decreasing SAM levels and the expression of the methylation marks H3K4me3 alone or H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me2, H3K36me3 and H3K79me3. acetyl-CoA acetyl-coenzyme A, βHB β-hydroxybutyric acid, CSC Cancer stem cell, TFs Transcription factors, MAT2A Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A, SAM S-adenosylmethionine