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Fig. 4 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 4

From: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the cell membrane of mouse macrophages participates in the formation of lipopolysaccharide tolerance: mVDR is related to the effect of artesunate to reverse LPS tolerance

Fig. 4

Anti-VDR antibodies abolish the effect of artesunate. A The effect of seven anti-VDR antibodies from different manufacturers on artesunate (AS)-mediated increase in TNF-α levels in LPS-tolerant cells (n = 3). Note: a—g represent the anti-VDR antibodies from CST, Boster, Proteintech, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, ABclonal, Abcam, and Bioworld Technology, respectively. B Molecular docking. Human VDR (green) and mouse VDR (red) have similar spatial structures (B1). Histidine 305 and 397 of human VDR (equivalent to histidine 300 and 392 of mouse VDR) are important for VDR binding to AS (B2). C Effect of peptides on the AS-mediated TNF-α increase in LPS-tolerant cells (n = 3). The peptides are the peptide H397 and its mutated peptide H397D (C1) or the peptide H305 and its mutated peptide H305A (C2). D Illustration of the binding of mVDR and AS by ELISA. Schematic diagram of the binding assay (D1). Effect of anti-VDR on the binding of AS and VDR tracked by FITC-AS (n = 3). AS with fluorophore Fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate was named FITC-AS (D2). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; #, P > 0.05. LPS5: 5 ng/mL LPS; LPS100: 100 ng/mL LPS (LPS100); T: LPS tolerance

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X