Table 2 Intratumoural microbiota that can induce cancer cell death

E.coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)

Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells by inhibiting AKT1 and Bcl-xL while activating PTEN and Bax

Colorectal cancer

[74]

Pediococcus pentosaceus

Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells by generating conjugated linoleic acid

Prostate Cancer

[75]

Clostridium Butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588)

Inducing apoptosis in tumor cells through the TLR2/4 signaling pathway

Bladder cancer

[76]

Neisseria Meningitidis

Inducing apoptosis by generating Azurin-like protein LAZ

Brain cancer

[77]

Salmonella

Inducing hypoxic conditions

Melanoma

[78, 79]

Salmonella

Inducing autophagy through downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway

Melanoma

[80]

C. novyi-NT

Secreting various exotoxins

Colorectal cancer

Leiomyosarcoma

Liver Cancer

[81]

Listeria Monocytogenes

1. Producing high ROS levels

2. Enhancing CD8-T and NK cell responses by increasing IL-12

Colorectal cancer

[82]