Fig. 3

HIV-inhibiting genes that may block the virus at several stages of replication have been developed by innovative application of science; a) lentiviral vectors permit semi-random insertion of transgenes into the genome; and b) CRISPR/Cas9. The CRISPR-Cas9 system induces insertions and/or deletions in specific sections of the genome by generating a double-strand break in DNA and allowing it to be repaired through the non-homologous end-joining pathway. The Cas9 protein in the CRISPR-Cas9 system is directed to a particular target DNA sequence by a single guide RNA (sgRNA)