Fig. 2

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the development of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells into lineage-specific blood cells is shown schematically below. Colony-forming units (CFUs), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) are all multipotent progenitors derived from HSCs, which in turn create oligopotent progenitors, unipotent progenitors, and eventually fully differentiated cells in a self-renewing cycle. To increase monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes, the CMP may produce granulocyte–macrophage progenitors (GMP) and megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEP). Pro-erythroblast colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) arise from erythroid burst organizing unite (BFU-E), from which erythrocytes are generated; and an increase in CLP caused a transition from B-cell and T-cell progenitor to mature B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes. More so, certain HSCs contain the ACE2 receptor, and being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 S protein causes activation of inflammatory response genes. HSCs, MPP, CMP, GMP, MEP, MLP, NK cell, T cell, B cell, and monocyte all have ACE2 receptors