Fig. 1

PDE induced low peak bone mass and hyperactivation of osteoclast function in female adult offspring rats. A Representative micro-CT images in each group of rats. B-E Quantification analyses of all bone sections, including BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp. F Representative images of TRAP staining in decalcified bone sections of adult offspring rats. G Quantification analyses of N.Oc/B.Pm. H Quantification analyses of Oc.S/BS. I-N NFATc1, c-Fos, Acp5, CtsK, Oscar, and DC-stamp mRNA expression in bone tissue of adult offspring rats. O Correlation analysis between NFATc1 mRNA expression and BV/TV. Mean ± S.E.M., n = 8 per group for micro-CT, mRNA expression and correlation analysis, n = 3 per group for TRAP staining. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 vs. Control. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. PDE. PDE: prenatal dexamethasone exposure; BV/TV: bone volume per tissue volume; Tb.N: trabecula number; Tb.Th: trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp: trabecula separation; TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; N.Oc/B.Pm: osteoclast number per bone perimeter; Oc.S/BS: osteoclast surface per bone surface; NFATc1: nuclear factor of active T cells 1; c-Fos: protooncogene c-Fos; Acp5: acid phosphatase 5; CtsK: cathepsin K; Oscar: osteoclast-associated receptor; DC-stamp: dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; YWHAZ: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta