Fig. 1
From: The biological function of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles on metabolism
Regulation of metabolism by tumor-derived exosomes. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) carrying specific substances are secreted after intracellular ESCRT machinery. TDEs act on CAFs to promote glycolysis by up-regulating GLU1 expression and down-regulating Cav1 expression. Then CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) also act in reverse to promote glycolysis of tumor cells. TDEs could promote the polarization of TAMs towards M2 by increasing the level of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHS) and inhibiting insulin-AKT-mTOR signal pathway of TAMs. TDEs act on MSCs to inhibit adipogenesis and promote glycolysis. TDEs act on CAAs to promote lipolysis and glycerol release. TDEs act on the pre-metastatic niche to reduce glycolysis by reducing the expression of GLU1 and PKM2 in non-tumor cells, creating a more suitable survival environment for metastasis. For the whole body, TDEs improve lipolysis, abnormal glycose metabolism and bone metabolism