Table 1 The list of ferroptosis-inducing compounds
FINs | Targets | Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) [56] | TFR, NOX4, TP53 | Inhibit the xCT and upregulate the TFR to activate NOX4 |
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) [105] | ER stress pathway and GPX4 | Activate both pathways that promote and inhibit ferroptosis |
ALZ003 [108] | Androgen receptor (AR) | Downregulate the expression of GPX4 and lead to the ROS accumulation |
IONPs [113] | GPX4 and NOX | Nanoparticle IONPs use the carried siGPX4 to target and inhibit GPX4, and the carried cisplatin can disrupt mitochondrial function and increase the ROS level |
Dihydrotanshinone I (DHI) [88] | ACSL4 and GPX4 | Downregulate the ACSL4 and GPX4, at the same time decrease intracellular GSH level |
Amentoflavone (AF) [98] | FTH, LC3B, Beclin1 | Decrease the expression of FTH by inducing autophagy |
Brucine [106] | ATF3 | Induce the ER stress and promote the expression and nuclear transport of ATF3, thereby upregulating NOX4 and suppressing xCT |
Ibuprofen (NSAID) [84] | Nrf2, xCT, GPX4 | Decrease the expression of Nrf2 and prevent the cystine transfer, bringing about ROS accumulation |
Disulfiram (DFS) [63] | xCT and GPX4 | Downregulate the expression of xCT and GPX4, at the same time enhance the ROS level |