Fig. 4
From: Crosstalk between macrophages and cardiac cells after myocardial infarction
Crosstalk between macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. A Neutrophils secrete ANXA1, which stimulates VEGF-A secretion by macrophages, promoting angiogenesis. B Macrophages physically interact with CMs through a TRPV4-dependent pathway to regulate the expression of IGF1. C Macrophage MMP14 expression induced the activation of TGF-β1 to stimulate SMAD2 activity in a paracrine manner. D MiR-155-enriched exosomes secreted by macrophages downregulate endothelial target genes, including RAC1, PAK2, Sirt1, and AMPKα2. E Endothelial cells secrete Angpt2 to regulate macrophages through the Angpt2/integrin α5β1/ERK signaling pathway. F Endothelial cells interact with macrophages in a contact-dependent manner through the highly expressed sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) to promote the proliferation of anti-inflammatory macrophages via the S1P/S1PR1/ERK/CSF1 pathway. G Metrnl (meteorin-like) binds the stem cell factor receptor KIT on endothelial cells to mediate angiogenesis