Fig. 7

Influenza A virus replication-inhibiting effect of OMVs is transferable to AECs. THP-1 cells were incubated with LpOMV or KpOMV for 20 h or left untreated for control. Supernatant (SN) was sterile filtered and used for pre-stimulation of A549 cells for 20 h alone or in combination with 10 µM JAKi. A + B Mx1 (A) and CXCL8 B expression were determined by qPCR at the time point of infection (0 h p.i.). Bars show mean values of four independent experiments + SEM normalized to untreated control cells. C Pre-treated A549 cells were additionally infected with influenza virus A/Hamburg/5/2009(H1N1pdm) (MOI 0.01) for 24 h. Viral replication was determined by plaque assay. Bars are mean values of four independent experiments + SEM. Statistics: 1-way ANOVA; **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001; * compared to control-SN; # compared to KpOMV-SN; n = 4