Fig. 2

Bacterial extracellular vesicles activate type I interferon response in BDMs. BDMs were stimulated with OMVs/MVs (1 µg/mL each) from different bacteria or left untreated as control. A Phosphorylation and expression of IRF-3 was determined after 1 h of OMV/MV incubation by Western Blot. Representative result of three biological independent replicates is shown. Expression of IFNA1 (B), IFNB (C), IFIT1 (E) and IFI44 (F) was measured by qPCR, results are normalized to RPS18 and are depicted relative to untreated control cells. D Phosphorylation of STAT1 was determined by Western Blot after 2 h of OMV/MV stimulation. Representative result of four biological independent replicates is shown. G Phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of Mx1 were determined by Western Blot after 20 h of bacterial vesicle stimulation. Representative results of four biological independent replicates are depicted. Bars represent mean values + SEM from four independent experiments. Statistics: 2-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001; n = 4