Fig. 3

FGF19 increases the mitochondrial biogenesis by up-regulating the expression of AMPKα signalling related proteins in chondrocytes. a RNA sequencing showing the change of FGFRs genes in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). Three pairs of samples were obtained from three independent cell isolates (n = 3), namely, samples 1, 1′, 1′′and 1′′′, samples 2, 2′, 2′′and 2′′′, and samples 3, 3′, 3′′and 3′′′. The data were present as log2(FPKM + 1). b q-PCR showing the gene changes of FGFR4 in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). The results were based on three independent experiments (n = 3). c Representative western blotting showing the expression change of FGFR4 in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). The images were chosen based on three independent experiments (n = 3). d Representative western blotting showing the expression changes of AMPKα, p-AMPKα, PGC-1α and SIRT1 in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). The images were chosen based on three independent experiments (n = 3). e Quantifications of AMPKα, p-AMPKα, PGC-1α and SIRT1 by western blotting in (d). f Representative immunofluorescent staining showing the change in the distribution of p-AMPKα in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 (200 ng/ml) in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml) for 72 h. The images were chosen based on three independent experiments (n = 3). Red, p-AMPKα; Green, F-actin; Blue, nucleus. g Quantification of fluorescence intensity of p-AMPKα in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). The data were based on at least eight cells from three independent experiments. h Representative immunofluorescent staining showing the change in the distribution of PGC-1α in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 (200 ng/ml) in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml) for 72 h. The images were chosen based on three independent experiments (n = 3). Red, PGC-1α; Green, F-actin; Blue, nucleus. i Quantification of fluorescence intensity of PGC-1α in chondrocytes induced by FGF19 at 200 ng/ml in the presence of KLB (200 ng/ml). The data were based on at least eight cells from three independent experiments. The data in g and i were shown as box (from 25, 50 to 75%) and whisker (minimum to maximum values) plots. The significant difference analysis in b, e, g and i was based on Student T-test