Fig. 2
From: Cancer immune evasion through KRAS and PD-L1 and potential therapeutic interventions
KRAS-mutant tumour immunoevasive signalling in the TME. Tumour-immune and immune-immune interactions within the TME of a KRAS-mutant tumour, including cytokines and chemokines signalling, metabolic deficiencies, immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs), interactions with the fungal microbiome, and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stroma. For example, the main effects of each cell type and decreased/increased characteristics of a KRAS-mutant TME are shown. Arrows represent enhancement and flat heads represent inhibition, dashed lines represent tumour signalling and hard lines represent signalling of the TME, red text indicates immunoevasive signalling and blue text indicates pro-immune signalling. Red crosses represent pathways that have been blocked due to KRAS-driven immune evasive signalling