Fig. 4

Selected TGF-β superfamily ligands show different effects on the regulation of antagonist expression. C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with 1 nM BMP2 (A), 0.3 nM TGF-β1 (B) or 1 nM BMP8A (C) for 24 h. The transcripts of all TGF-β superfamily antagonists were then quantified. All data were expressed as fold changes by normalizing against the own transcripts of each gene in cells without ligand treatments. Data are shown as means ± SEM. n = 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001