How vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching contributes to vascular disease

Table 1 Osteoblast versus osteogenic VSMCs

	Osteoblasts	Osteogenic VSMCs	Reference (PMID)
Origin	Chondrocytes Marrow stromal cells Bone-lining cells Fibroblasts	Dedifferentiated VSMCs	34213032
Synthesis secretion and mineralization of bone matrix	Yes	Yes	34213032
Markers	ALP, BSP, OCN, OPN, COL I	OCN, OPN, ALP, COL I, COL II, COL X,	29514202
Transcription factors	RUNX1, RUNX2, SOX11, MSX1, MSX2, Dlx5, DLX6, AP1, KNOX-20, Sp3, Sp7(OSX), ATF4, KLF2, KLF4	RUNX2, SOX9, KLF4, MSX1, MSX2	32571873 16795049 21703370 22952236 23888050 21898406 33608506 16795049
Location	Bone tissue	Media Intima Necrotic core	32674599

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BSP, bone sialoprotein; OCN, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin; COL, collagen; RUNX, runt-related transcription factor; OSX, osteoblast-specific transcription factor osterix; SOX, SRY-Box transcription factor; MSX, msh homeobox; DLX, distal-less homeobox; AP, activator protein; SP, SP transcription factor; ATF, activating transcription factor; KLF, kruppel-like factor

ISSN: 1478-811X