Fig. 1

RNA-Sequencing analysis in cells from malignant effusions (baseline), 2D, and tumor-derived organoids (TDO) compared with normal ovarian tissues. A Top 1000 highly variable genes (highest standard deviation) across all samples. Rows and columns grouped by each condition (baseline, 2D, TDO, or normal tissue) were clustered based on the Euclidean distance between normalized counts values. In one patient, two TDO were obtained from distinct collections and days in culture (11 and 35 days), and are represented by an arrow and asterisks, respectively, at the bottom of the heatmap. AS: ascites and PE: pleural effusion. B Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture system presents a set of genes enriched for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MSigDB Hallmark 2020), collagen fibril and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization (GO – Biological Process), and Focal Adhesion and PI3K-AKT-mTOR-signaling pathways (WikiPathway 2021). C Unsupervised PCA of RNA-Seq data (normalized counts) showing the segregation of ovarian cancer 2D cells and normal tissues from the cluster generated by ovarian cancer-derived organoids and baseline