Fig. 4

The ERα-NRF2 signalling axis enhances bicalutamide resistance. A mRNA-seq of LNCaP and LNCaP abl cells treated with DMSO or 30 μM bicalutamide (t test). B, C The mRNA and protein levels of bicalutamide resistance-related genes were analysed in LNCaP cells (t test) and LNCaP abl cells (one-way ANOVA). D–F Representative graphs of IF data for NRF2 coexpression with CD44 and ABCG2 in LNCaP cells. Scale bar, 50 μm. G qRT‒PCR analysis showing expression changes in resistance-related genes in LNCaP abl cells with ERα knockdown and LNCaP cells with ERα overexpression subjected to different treatments (one-way ANOVA). H MTT assay of LNCaP and LNCaP abl cells (t test) after treatment with 30 μM bicalutamide. I Invasion ability was assessed in PC3 cells subjected to different treatments (one-way ANOVA). Scale bar, 500 μm. All studies were repeated at least three times; the values are presented as the means ± SEMs; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001