Table 1 Categorization and features of endocytosis process
From: Targeting Endocytosis and Cell Communications in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Endocytosis process | Associated protein | Mechanical | Inhibitor | Endocytosis checkpoint |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis | Actin | Membrane tension | Clorpromazine | E-, N-, and VE-cadherin, integrins, Notch, RTKs (EGFR, Her2, and FGFR1), Wnt, GPCR |
Clathrin | Membrane tension | |||
ENTH domain | Membrane tension | |||
N-BAR | Membrane tension | |||
Caveolae-mediated endocytosis | Cav-1 | Low shear stress | Methyl-cyclodextrin | |
Cavin-1 | Membrane stretch | |||
Filamin A | Loss of cell adhesion | |||
Clathrin/caveolae-independent endocytosis | GPI-anchored | Membrane tension | Integrins, Notch, RTKs(EGFR, Her2, and FGFR1), Wnt, GPCR | |
Vinculin | Membrane tension | |||
TORC2 | Membrane tension | |||
Macropinocytosis | Rac1 and CDC42 | Aspect ratio of cargo | EPIA, amiloride | MHCI, MHC-II, mTORC1 |
Phosphatidic acid | Membrane stretching | |||
PLD2 | Membrane tension | |||
SCAR/WAVE | Actin-nucleation-promoting factors | |||
WASp/N-WASp | Actin-nucleation-promoting factors | |||
Phagocytosis | Rac1 | Substrate stiffness | CD47-Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα), PDL1, MHC I-LILRB1 | |
Cdc42 | Substrate stiffness | |||
MRTF-A | Area confinement | |||
TRPV4 | Substrate stiffness |