Table 1 Drugs for cancer treatment with targeting signaling pathways and factors associated with tumor angiogenesis

Topotecan (Hycamtin)

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor

Several cancer types such as ovarian, cervical and lung cancers

[261, 262]

Evofosfamide

Cross-linking with DNA as alkylating agent in hypoxia condition

Phase III clinical trials in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and murine prostate cancer model

[262, 263]

Gemcitabine

A cytidine analog

Several human cancer types including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung, breast and ovarian cancers

[263]

Girentuximab (Rencarex)

Anti-carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CAIX) antibody

Several human cancer types including RCC

[264, 281]

2ME2

HIF-1 inhibitor

Several human cancer types including RCC

[261, 262]

17-AAG

HIF-1 inhibitor

Several human cancer types including melanoma

[262]

Vorinostat

HIF-1 inhibitor

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

[262]

PT2977

HIF-1 inhibitor

Plus, cabozantinib in advanced RCC

[262, 282, 283]

EZN-2208

HIF-1 inhibitor

Metastatic CRC

[284]

CRLX101

HIF-1 inhibitor

Prostate cancer Plus, bevacizumab in smetastatic RCC

[285,286,287]

Cetuximab

VEGFR supressor

Metastatic CRC

[288]

Cediranib

VEGFR supressor

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

[289]

Tivozanib

VEGFR supressor

GBM

[290]

Axitinib

VEGFR supressor

RCC

[291]

Pazopanib

VEGFR, c-KIT and PDGFR tyrosine kinases supressor

advanced or metastatic RCC

[292]

Sunitinib

VEGFR supressor

advanced or metastatic RCC

[293]

Sorafenib

VEGFR supressor

HCC

[294]

Bevacizumab (avastin)

VEGFA inhibitor

Lung cancer, breast cancer and CRC

[295]

Durvalumab

PD-L1 supressor

Ovarian, endometrial and TNBC cancers

[296]

Atezolizumab

PD-L1 supressor

Metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. Advanced triple-negative breast cancer

[297,298,299]

Rebastinib

Tie2 receptor supressor

Metastatic mammary carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

[276]

Trebananib (AMG386)

Tie2 receptor suppresor

Advanced solid tumors

[278]

Vantictumab and OTSA101

Frizzled inhibitors

Several cancer types such as colorectal and gastric cancers

[273, 274]

CGX1321 and Ipafricept

Wnt inhibitors

Metastatic solid tumors such as HCC

[275, 300]

HuMax-IL8 (BMS-986253)

anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody

chordoma, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, papillary thyroid, chondrosarcoma, and esophageal cancers

[279]

GLPG1790

Ephrin receptor inhibitor

Breast cancer, CRC

[301, 302]