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Fig. 4 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 4

From: The roles of metabolic profiles and intracellular signaling pathways of tumor microenvironment cells in angiogenesis of solid tumors

Fig. 4

Illustration of EC signaling due to TME angiogenic activity and hypoxia-induced VEGF production in tumor cells: Hypoxia prevents HIF-1α from degradation in the proteasome and HIF-1α in the nucleus links with HIF-1β and CBP/P300 and upregulates VEGF gene transcription. Briefly, the most important pathways in EC lead to cell proliferation, survival, and migration that results in angiogenesis under the effect of soluble mediators secreted by TME cells. Proliferation: Ras/Raf/ERK related to VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling, and PI3K/AKT/MAPK related to EphB4/ephrinB2 forward signaling. Survival: TSAd/Akt/mTOR in VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling events, and AKT/PDK-1/Akt/mTOR in ANG-2/Tie-2 signaling events. Migration: NCK/ FYN/p38MAPK results from VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction, PI3K/AKT/FAK results from EphB4/ephrinB2 forward signaling, and PAK/FAK results from EphB4/ephrinB2 reverse signaling pathway

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X