Fig. 6

Inhibition of autophagy attenuates the tumor-promoting effects of GNIP1. A, B Cell proliferation assay. GNIP1 overexpressed in H1299 A and A549 cells B and then infected with 20 μM CQ for 12 h to performed cell counting experiment. Data are presented as the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). ***, p < 0.001, ****, p < 0.0001. C, D GNIP1 was overexpressed in H1299 (C) and A549 (D) cells and then infected with 20 μM CQ for 12 h for scratch test (upper panel). Statistical analysis of cell wound healing assays between groups (lower panel). Data are presented as the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01. E, F GNIP1 overexpressed in H1299 (E) and A549 cells (F) and then infected with 20 μM CQ for 12 h to perform transwell migration assay. G, H Cell proliferation assay. H1299 cells (G) and A549 cells (H) were transfected with empty vector and GNIP1 plasmid or siRNA ctrl and siRNA BECN1 to performed cell counting experiment. Data are presented as the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001. I, J GNIP1 plasmid and BECN1 siRNAs were transfected into H1299 (I) and A549 cells (J) and then the scratch test was conducted (upper panel). Statistical analysis of cell wound healing assays between groups (lower panel). Data are presented as the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01. K, L Transwell assay. GNIP1 plasmid and BECN1 siRNAs were transfected into H1299 (K) and A549 cells (L) and then the transwell assay was conducted