Fig. 5

T-cell repertoire diversity and SIV-specific immune response in malaria- and SIV-infected monkeys. A Diversity index differences with respect to the 8th week of SIV infection (corresponding to malaria introduction in the S + P group). Repertoire diversity was restored in the S + P group but not in the P + S group. A significant difference between the S + P and P + S groups was observed for the Shannon diversity index. P-values computed using ANOVA. B Ratio of SIV-specific clonotype frequency with respect to the control point (8th week of SIV infection, corresponding to malaria introduction in the S + P group). The S + P group, but not the P + S group, was characterized by a persistently higher SIV-specific clonotype frequency. P-values were calculated using ANOVA. C New SIV-specific clonotype production. Fractions of existing (detected at previous sampling point) and new SIV-specific clonotypes shown for each monkey in the P + S, S and S + P groups. A significant increase in new SIV-specific clonotype production was observed in the S + P group during the whole period of Plasmodium infection (at 11–17 weeks and 50 weeks post SIV infection). D Frequency of IFN-g-producing SIV Gag-specific PBMCs. Number of IFN-γ-producing PBMCs against pooled SIV Gag peptides analyzed by ELISPOT. The sample sizes were 6, 4 and 5 on day 49 and 4, 3, and 5 on day 161 of the S, P + S and S + P groups, respectively. SFC: spot-forming cells