Fig. 3

Plasma viral loads in SIV-infected animals. A Plasma viral loads of individual monkeys in the three SIV-infected groups. Blue and red arrows indicate the times of Pc inoculation and chloroquine treatment, respectively. B Area under the curve unit (AUC/day) of plasma viral loads in SIV infected monkeys: S group plus S + P group versus P + S group (before Plasmodium infection) during the acute phase (days 0–56). C AUC/day of plasma viral loads during the chronic phase of SIV infection (all surviving animals from days 70–322). The differences between groups were not significant. D AUC of percentage of peripheral CCR5⁺CD4⁺ T cells from SIV-infected macaques: S group plus S + P group (before Plasmodium infection) versus P + S group during the days 0–7. Note: During the acute phase of SIV infection, the monkeys either in S group or in S + P group had no Plasmodium infection, therefore they were pooled together as SIV-only group (Fig. 3B, D); but during chronic phase of SIV infection, the monkeys in S group had no malaria, and the monkeys in S + P group had malaria, therefore they could not be pooled together (Fig. 3C). Acute phase: Day 0–56; Chronic phase: After Day 56