Table 1 The selected activators and inhibitors of Nrf2 and their mechanisms of action
From: An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion
| Â | Compound | Type | Mechanism of action | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nrf2 activators | SFN | Isothiocyanate | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [87] |
OPZ | Organosulfur compound | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [107] | |
EGCG | Catechin | Oxidizing the cysteine thiols of Keap1 | [110] | |
DMF | Fumaric acid ester | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [127] | |
DATS | Isothiocyanate | Modification of Keap1-Cys-288 | [141] | |
CUR | Stilbene | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [159] | |
CDDO | Synthetic triterpenoids | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [19] | |
API | Plant flavone | Epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 | [179] | |
RES | (E)-Stilbene derivate | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [188] | |
Nrf2 inhibitors | BRU | Triterpene lactone compound | Stimulation of Nrf2 poly-ubiquitination | [194] |
LUT | Plant flavone | Nrf2 mRNA degradation, Reduction of Nrf2 binding to AREs | [198] | |
TRG | Coffee-derived alkaloid | Prevention of nuclear translocation of NRF2 | [201] | |
AA | Natural vitamin | Electrophilic modification of Keap1-Cys-151 | [204] | |
RA | Metabolite of vitamin A | Prevention of nuclear translocation of NRF2 | [210] | |
CHR | Plant flavone | Prevention of nuclear translocation of NRF2 | [219] |