Fig. 5

mTORC1 inhibition prevents the reductions in PGC-1α, IRS1 and the insulin signaling pathway caused by ER stress. A mRNA levels and B, C protein levels in human LHCN-M2 myotubes incubated with 250 nM torin1 or 100 nM rapamycin and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 16 h (for PGC-1α, IRS1, total GSK3 α/β and phospho-GSK3 α/β (Ser21/9)) or 2 h (for total Akt and phospho-Akt (Ser 473)). D LHCN-M2 myotubes incubated with 100 nM rapamycin and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 16 h with or without 100 nM of insulin (Ins) for the last 30 min. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–5 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 and ^###p < 0.001 versus tunicamycin. ^&&p < 0.01 versus insulin-stimulated cells