Fig. 4
mTOR inhibition prevents ER stress-induced PGC-1α downregulation in myotubes and skeletal muscle. A LHCN-M2 myotubes were incubated with 250 nM torin 1 and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 2 h. Cell lysate extracts were assayed via Western blot analysis with antibodies against total, phospho-S6 (Ser235/236) and α-actinin. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–6 per group). B–G mRNA levels in LHCN-M2 myotubes incubated with 250 nM torin 1 and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 8 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–6 per group). H PGC-1α protein levels in nuclear extracts from LHCN-M2 myotubes incubated with 250 nM torin 1 and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 2 h and I in total protein extracts from the skeletal muscle of mice treated with torin 1 and/or tunicamycin for 24 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). J TNF-α protein levels in LHCN-M2 myotubes incubated with 250 nM torin 1 and/or 5 µg/ml of tunicamycin for 16 h (n = 3–6 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 versus tunicamycin