Fig. 5

ACT001 exerted its inhibitory effect on LPS-induced primary microglia activation in vitro. a, b Indicated doses of ACT001 were co-treated with LPS in mouse (a) and rat (b) primary microglia cells for 24 and 48 h, then the cytotoxicity of co-treatment was measured by CCK-8 assay. The cell viability result was normalized to primary microglia cells without ACT001 and LPS treatment (Control) for 24 h. c, d After co-treatment with indicated doses of ACT001 and LPS for 24 and 48 h, the NO production levels in culture supernatants of mouse (c) and rat (d) primary microglia cells were determined using Griess reagent. e, f Representative fluorescence images for dual staining of Iba1 and CD68 in mouse (e) and rat (f) primary microglia cells after co-treatment with indicated doses of ACT001 and 500 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. Cell nuclei were shown in blue (DAPI). Scale bar = 400 μm. Cells without ACT001 and LPS treatment were shown as Control. Data were presented as means ± SEMs of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus Control group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus ACT001 0 μM + LPS group