Table 5 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combination therapy with chemotherapy (animal study)
From: Tumor immunotherapies by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the pros and cons
Tumor | ICI type | Chemotherapeutic agent | Main result | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast tumor Ovarian tumor | PD-L1 | Cyclophosphamide | Selective depletion of Treg in the tumor tissue in vivo | [201] |
Breast tumor Lymphoma | PD-L1 | Cyclophosphamide Fluorouracil Vinorelbine | Activation of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in vivo | [200] |
Breast cancer | PD-1 | Cyclophosphamide Vinorelbine | Activation of APC, and eliciting T-cell-related effect leading to the suppressed metastatic tumor growth in vivo | [209] |
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) | PD-1 | Gemcitabine | Restoring the tumor cell sensitivity to ICI in vivo | [202] |
Mesothelioma | PD-1 | Gemcitabine | Hindrance of tumor development in vivo Improving the overall survival of treated models in vivo | [203] |
Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) | PD-1 | Gemcitabine | Arousing strong anti-tumor effect in vivo | [292] |
Colon cancer Bladder cancer | PD-1 PD-L1 | Methotrexate Vinblastine Doxorubicin Cis-platin Cyclophosphamide | Convincing robust anti-tumor response in vivo | [204] |
Colon cancer Renal carcinoma | CTLA-4 | Cyclophosphamide | Augmentation of the antitumor effect of anti-CTLA-4 therapy in vivo | [293] |
Pancreatic cancer | PD-1 | Gemcitabine | Enhancing the anticancer effect of M1 macrophages and the Th1 response in vivo | [294] |
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) | PD-L1 | Gemcitabine | Restoring the antitumorigenic CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophage populations in vivo Reducing the immunosuppressive M2 macrophage and MDSCs population in vivo Increasing the expression of the IFNβ, and CCL5 and CXCL10 in vivo | [210] |
Lung cancer | PD-L1 | Oxaliplatin | Activation of dendritic cells (DCs CD80+ CD86+) and CD8+ T cells resulted in tumor regression in vivo | [206] |
Colon cancer | PD-1 | Cis-platin Oxaliplatin | Triggering T cell activation and recruitment into tumors in vivo | [205] |
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) | PD-L1 | Paclitaxel | Provoking the tumor regression, and inhibition of tumor metastasis in vivo | [208] |
TNBC | PD-L1 | Paclitaxel | Inducing the TILs infiltration into TME in vivo | [295] |
Fibrosarcoma | PD-1 | Methotrexate | Robust therapeutic effect in vivo | [296] |