Fig. 1
From: Alternative autophagy: mechanisms and roles in different diseases
The molecular mechanism of alternative autophagy. Upon stimulation of Golgi stress, Ulk1 is dephosphorylated at Ser637 and phosphorylated at Ser746 by p53/RIPK3 to induce alternative autophagy. Then Ulk1 induces the elongation of Golgi membranes and formation of isolation membranes under the activation of PI3K complex. Rab9 and Dram1 function essentially during the following closure of isolation membranes and generation of autophagosomes, which is similar as the role of Atg5, Atg7 and LC3 in canonical autophagy. Then autolysosomes form after the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and then the cargoes are degraded