Fig. 6

PPARγ agonists enhance cell surface retention of TβRII and IL-2Rα as well as downstream signaling. The naïve CD4⁺ T cells were prepared and treated with anti-CD3/CD28 in the presence or absence of TGF-β (5 ng/mL), rosiglitazone (10, 30 μM), 15d-PGJ2 (3, 10 μM) as well as morin (10, 30 μM) for 48 h. a, b The cell surface levels of TβRII (a) and IL-2Rα (CD25) (b) were analyzed by flow cytometry. c The mRNA expression levels of TβRII and IL-2Rα (CD25) were measured by Q-PCR. d The protein levels of pSmad3, Smad3, pSTAT5 and STAT5 were detected by western blotting. Data were presented as the means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments (n = 3). ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus TGF-β group (model group)