Fig. 5

Vascular co-option by S100A4-positive GBM cells and VEGFA mRNA expression in HIF-1α-positive tumor cells. A Staining by HE (upper) and IHC for the indicated proteins (middle and lower) in vascular-rich areas of non-Ps perinecrotic lesions in GBMs. S100A4-positive GBM cells that are co-opted along the surface of preexisting CD34-positive small (indicated by boxes) and mature vessels (indicated by arrows). Original magnification, × 200. Scale bar = 100 μm. B Immunofluorescence for the indicated proteins in vascular-rich area in non-Ps perinecrotic lesion. S100A4/GFAP-positive GBM cells around both small (middle panels: indicated by boxes) and mature vessels (lower panels: indicated by arrows) along SMA-positive vascular components. Original magnification, × 200. Scale bar = 100 μm. C Staining by HE (upper), in situ PLA assay for the S100A4-NMIIA interaction (middle), and IHC for CD34 (lower) in vascular-rich area of a non-Ps perinecrotic lesion in GBM using semiserial sections. Note the small aggregated dots in GBM cells around small vessels (indicated by arrows), as well as those in adjacent areas (indicated by arrow-heads). The three lesions including adjacent, vascular-rich, and distal areas are partitioned by dotted lines. Necrotic areas are indicated by asterisks. Right panels show the magnified views of the boxed areas in the left panels. Original magnification, × 100 (left panels) and × 400 (right panels). Scale bar = 200 μm