Table 2 Candidate biomarkers of sEVs for early detection of PC and their application

hPaCa

CD63, CD9

Diagnosis:to distinguish whether the pancreas has malignant lesions

[89]

hPaCa

CD44v6

Diagnosis:promote metastasis and invasion

[104]

mPaCa

CD151/Tspan8

Diagnosis:promote metastasis and angiogenesis

[105]

hPaCa

CKAP4

Diagnosis:promote proliferation and migration

[88]

hPaCa

miRNA-10b

Diagnosis:distinguish between patients with pancreatitis and those with pancreatic cancer

[106]

hPaCa

miRNA-1226-3p

Diagnosis: promote proliferation and migration

[84]

hPaCa

miRNA-214,miRNA-508

Diagnosis:to indicate high or low survival rate

[85]

hPaCa

miRNA-4525,miRNA-21

Diagnosis: to identify patients at high risk of recurrence after excision

[107]

hPaCa

miRNA-16a,miRNA-196a

Diagnosis:to distinguish pancreatic cancer from pancreatitis and healthy people

[108]

hPaCa

miRNA-27a

Diagnosis:promote invasion and angiogenesis

[109]

hPaCa

miRNA-301a-3p

Diagnosis: promote the invasion

[110]

mPaCa

miRNA-339-5P

Diagnosis:promote invasion and metastasis

[111]

hPaCa

miRNA-17-5p

Diagnosis: to distinguish between pancreatic cancer patients

[112]

hPaCa

miRNA-483-3p

Diagnosis: distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors

[113]

hPaCa

miRNA-550

Diagnosis: distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors

[114]

macrophage

miRNA-501-3p

Diagnosis:promote tumor metastasis and development

[15]

hPaCa

miRNA-191,miRNA-21

Diagnosis:distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors

[115]

hPaCa

miRNA-143

Diagnosis:inhibits metastasis and proliferation

[116]

hPaCa

miRNA-33b

Diagnosis:promotes proliferation and migration

[117]