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Fig. 2 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 2

From: Small extracellular vesicles: from mediating cancer cell metastasis to therapeutic value in pancreatic cancer

Fig. 2

VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases, UPA: urokinase-type plasminogen activator, HUVECS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mechanisms by which sEVs promote angiogenesis when secreted to distant organs. When sEVs reach distant organs, TSPAN8 and other four asppanins carried on them can enhance the expression of pro-vascular factors such as VEGF, MMPs and UPA. Secondly, miRNA, circ-iars and other components carried by pancreatic cancer-derived sEVs promote angiogenesis by inducing HMVEC growth. In addition, non-tumor cell-derived sEVs can also promote angiogenesis. TAMS-derived sEVs promote angiogenesis by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway and down-regulating TGFbR3

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X