Fig. 2

Protective effect of PMVs on pulmonary function in septic rats. A HE staining of the lung tissue, the representative images are shown (n = 5, bar = 40 μm). B Wet weight to Dry weight ratio of lung in rats (n = 8). C Serum TNF-α level in rats (n = 8). D Cell count in BALF (n = 8). E Protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (n = 8). F Laser confocal microscopy analysis of FITC-BSA leakage in lung tissue, the representative images are shown (n = 5, bar = 50 μm). G–J Blood gas analysis, including pH, pO₂, pCO₂, cLac (n = 8). Ctl: normal group; CLP: sepsis group; SMV: SMV-treated sepsis group; PMV: PMV-treated sepsis group. ***P < 0.001