Fig. 2
From: The role of PD-L1 in the immune dysfunction that mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury
Hypoxia-induced changes in the immune system. Activation of the HIF pathway activates innate immune cells and amplifies the inflammatory response in the hypoxic environment. Meanwhile, the activated HIF pathway suppresses the response of the adaptive immune system by inhibiting the proliferation and function of T cells and stimulating the differentiation of Treg cells. Abbreviations: HIF hypoxia-inducible factor, Treg regulatory T