Table 1 The correlation of melatonin disruption and risk of prostate cancer
From: The inhibitory effect of melatonin on human prostate cancer
Research object | Study type | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|
818 incident PCa cases and 875 frequency-matched controls in France | Case–control study | A long duration of at least 20 years of permanent night work was associated with aggressive PCa (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13, 2.75), even more pronounced in combination with a shift length > 10 h or ≥ 6 consecutive nights (OR 4.64, CI 1.78, 12.13; OR 2.43, CI 1.32, 4.47, respectively) | Wendeu-Foyet et al. [54] |
120 newly diagnosed PCa patients and 240 age-matched controls in Taiwan, China | Case–control study | Compared with patients with lower urinary melatonin-sulfate or melatonin-sulfate/cortisol (MT/C) ratio levels, those with above-median levels were significantly less likely to have PCa (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–0.99; adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27–0.77) or advanced stage prostate cancer (adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.89; adjusted OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17–0.62) | Tai et al. [55] |
Aim to elucidate the association between ALAN and PCa in 27 districts within Gwangju City and urban and rural areas from South Jeolla Province in South Korea | Case–control study | The incidence of PCa was significantly associated with ALAN (risk ratio 1.02, p 0.0369), no significant association was observed between ALAN and other cancers | Kim et al. [56] |
111 men with PCa, 928 men without PCa in Iceland | Case–cohort study | Men with morning aMT6s levels below the median had a fourfold statistically significant increased risk for advanced PCa compared with men with levels above the median (hazard ratio: 4.04; 95% CI 1.26–12.9) | Sigurdardottir et al. [45] |
1,095 PCa cases and 1,388 randomly selected population controls in Spain | Case–control study | Subjects who had worked at least for 1 year in night shift work had a slightly higher PCa risk (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.94, 1.37) compared with never night workers; OR increased with longer duration of exposure (≥ 28 years: OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.05, 1.81; p-trend = 0.047) | Papantoniou et al. [53] |
Male, pigmented, homozygous, athymic, inbred nude rats | Experimental study | Rats in blue-tinted cages evinced over sixfold higher peak plasma melatonin levels at mid-dark phase and the amplification of nighttime melatonin levels by exposing nude rats to blue light during the daytime significantly reduces human PCa metabolic, signaling, and proliferative activities | Dauchy et al. [58] |