Phosphatases in toll-like receptors signaling: the unfairly-forgotten

Table 1 The human protein phosphatome classification

	Members	Properties	Targets	Members	References
PTPs	108	Need catalytic C-oxidation	pY	SHP-1, Cdc25b, etc	[56, 57]
Classical PTPs	41	Dephosphorylation of various proteins	pY	RTPs, PTP1B	[58, 59]
DSPs DUSPs	63	Dephosphorylate MAPKs	pY/pS/pT	PTEN, MKPs	[60, 61]
LMW-PTP	1	Dephosphorylates growth factor receptors	pY/pT	LMW-PTP	[62, 63]
Cdc25	3	Dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases	pY/pT	Cdc25a, Cdc25c	[64, 65]
PPPs	13	No metal ion or Ca²⁺-dependent	pS/pT	PP1, PP2A, PP2B	[66]
PPMs	15	Require Mn²⁺/Mg²⁺ ions	pS/pT	PP2C/PDH, WIP1	[67, 68]
HADs	17	Need catalytic D-oxidation	pS/pY	Eya, FCP1, SCP	[69, 70]

In bold: protein phosphatases families
C, Cysteine; Cdc25, Cell division cycle 25; D, Aspartate; DSPs/DUSPs, Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; FCP1, F-Cell Production 1; HADs, Holo-Acid Dehalogenases; LMW-PTP, Low Molecular Weight-Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; MKPs, MAPK Phosphatases; PDH, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase; PP1, Protein Phosphatase 1; PP2A, Protein Phosphatase 2 A; PP2B, Protein Phosphatase 2 B; PP2C, Protein Phosphatase 2 C; PPMs, Metal-dependent Protein Phosphatase; PPPs, Phospho-Protein Phosphatases; pS, Phosphoserine; pT, Phospho-threonine; PTEN, Phosphatase and TENsin homolog; PTPs, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; PTP1B, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B; pY, Phospho-tyrosine; RTPs, Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatases; SCP, Small Carboxy-terminal domain Phosphatase; SHP-1, Src Homology region 2 domain-containing Phosphatase-1; WIP1, Wild-type p53-Induced Phosphatase 1

ISSN: 1478-811X