Fig. 2

Characterization of tumor spheres derived from ADV-infected primary glioma cells. a Expression of stemness-related transcription factors in primary or lined glioma cells after ADV infection was determined by RT-qPCR, and represented as a heatmap (n = 3). b Expression of stemness-related transcription factors in primary glioma cells after ADV infection was determined by western blotting. c Tumor spheres from ADV-infected or uninfected primary glioma cells (Ctrl) were analyzed by FACS for CD133 (n = 6). d Tumor spheres derived from ADV-infected or control primary glioma cells were subjected to differentiation culture for 7 days. The expression of markers of astrocytes (GFAP), neurons (MAP-2), and oligodendrocytes (O4) was determined by immunofluorescence, and counter-stained with Hoechst (n = 3). e, f In vivo tumorigenic capacity of ADV-induced GSCs. ADV-induced tumor spheres and primary glioma cells were labeled with luciferase by lentivirus. Different numbers of GSCs (500, 5000, 10,000) and primary glioma cells (10,000, as Ctrl) were intracranially inoculated in nude mice, and bioluminescence imaging was employed to follow tumor growth at different time points e. The survival of mice was plotted simultaneously f. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 5. **, P < 0.01.***, P < 0.001