Fig. 5

Autophagy in trophoblast promotes the invasion of itself via the PEG10. a Heatmap of the differential genes associated with trophoblast invasion in control and ATG5-RNAi group. b The four screened genes were identified by qRT-PCR. c PEG10 expression was verified by western blot. d, e The invasion of trophoblasts that transfected with negative control lentivirus, ATG5 silencing virus, treated with 3-MA or control was detected by transwell assay. Scale bar: 100 μm. f, g PEG10 expression levels in trophoblast transfected with PEG10 overexpression lentivirus, negative control lentivirus or the control group were verified by western blot and qRT-PCR. h, i The invasion of trophoblasts in NC group, 3-MA-NC group, PEG10^over group, 3-MA-PEG10^over group was detected by transwell assay. Scale bar: 100 μm. j Potential molecular pathways between autophagy and PEG10 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. k PEG10 expression in villi of normal pregnancy women (n = 5) and RSA parients (n = 5) by immunohistochemistry. Original magnification:× 200. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA, paired t-test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, NS: no significance