Fig. 1

Wnt signaling is essential in embryo implantation. a Location of active-β-catenin in pre-implantation, dormant, estrogen-activated, and post-implantation Day 5 to Day 7 embryo. Active-β-catenin is in green, nuclei is in blue, pictures were captured under 40 x objective in confocal 700, scale bar was shown as 20 μm or 40 μm according to different zoom area. TE: trophectoderm, EXE: extra-embryonic ectoderm, EPI: epiblast. IHC scale bar 30 μm at 20X, 150 μm at 100 X. b Expression of Wnt-stimulated GFP during embryo outgrowth on fibronectin. c In vitro attachment rate of embryos with Wnt activation or inhibition for 24 h. d, e, f The outgrowth rate, status, area of embryos after Wnt activation, and inhibition for 48 h, bar = 100 μm. Data are means ± s.d. (N = 3–5), p < 0.05 “*”, p < 0.01 “**”