Phase separation in biology; functional organization of a higher order

Table 2 Examples of protein regions involved in phase separation and their functional roles

Domains	Sequence/Structural features	Role
FG	FG/GFGG low complexity repeats	Association of P granules to the NPC [74]
RRM	Folded domain	RNA binding [19, 68]
Coiled-coil	Coiled-coil fold	Homo/hetero-dimerization [12]
RS	RS low complexity repeats	RNA binding; protein-protein interactions (Reviewed in [138, 139])
RGG	RGG low complexity repeats	RNA binding (Reviewed in [140, 141])
HLM	Short helical leucine-rich motif	LSm domains binding in P granules [49, 75]
SH3	Folded domain	PRM motif finding [46]
SH2	Folded domain	Phosphorylated tyrosine recognition [46]
PRM	Proline-rich short linear motif	SH3 domain binding [46]

ISSN: 1478-811X