Table 2 Bacteriotherapy in the treatment of cancers
Type of Study | Country | Bacteria type | Sample | Cancer type | Conclusion | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell culture | Iran | Bifidobacteria | colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS174T | CRC | It increases intestine length by stopping the tumor from growing to more prominent stages and worsening | Parisa et al. [206] |
USA | Salmonella typhimurium A1-R | Stomach adenocarcinoma cell line, MKN45 | Stomach adenocarcinoma | Cancer cell corruption caused by S. typhimurium A1-R | Hoffman et al. [207] | |
USA | Listeria monocytogenes | CT26 colon cancer cell line | Colon cancer | The creation of this vaccination platform in patients with liver metastases was made possible by the very efficient antitumor T-cell response elicited by this strain of L. monocytogenes | Olino et al. [208] | |
China | Bacillus subtilis | Colon cancer HT29 cell line | Colon cancer | According to a study, fengycin targets the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway, which may have an inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis and cell cycle processes, ultimately contributing to the formation and spread of colon cancer | Cheng et al. [209] | |
Australia | Clostridium perfringens | (DU145, PC3), (MCF7), (HUVEC), (A549), (SW480) | Skin epidermoid cancer cell line, LC cell line, Cervical cancer cell line, Human umbilical vein endothelial, Human prostate cancer cell, BC | The hybrid toxin effectively targets CLDN-4 positive cancer cells by binding to its receptor and causing apoptosis, suggesting potential for molecularly targeted treatment | Yao et al. [210] | |
|  | Clostridium novyi-NT | ––––- | High gliomas -grade | These findings demonstrate the exact eradication of cancerous tissues by Clostridium novyi-NT | Roberts et al. [104] | |
USA | Clostridium novyi-NT | 24 patients | Tumors | -It is possible to infuse Clostridium novyi-NT intravenously just once.—An infusion of Clostridium novyi-NT increased systemic T-cell responses specific to tumors and produced a transitory systemic cytokine response | Janku et al. [211] | |
Clinical trials |  | Salmonella | three patients | Solid tumors | showed the cytosine deaminase gene may be transported to malignant tissue via the Salmonella bacteria and that the gene can operate (i.e., convert 5-FC to 5-FU) at levels of little more than 3 × 10(7) CFU/m(2) | Nemunaitis et al. [212] |
| Â | Listeria monocytogenes | 90 patients | Pancreatic cancer | Patients with pancreatic cancer had a longer survival rate when heterologous prime/boost combined with cyclophosphamide/GVAX and CRS-207, with very little toxicity | Le et al. [213] | |
China | Clostridium butyricum | GC patients age 37 to 83 | GC | Research indicates that administering Clostridium butyricum orally after a gastrectomy can reduce inflammation, boost the immune system, restore microbiota, increase intestinal SCFAs, reduce postoperative complications, and aid patient recovery | Cao et al. [214] |