Table 1 Bacteria and viruses are associated with various forms of cancer

Viruses

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)

[19, 20]

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma [21], cervical cancer, oropharyngeal Cancer, gastrointestinal cancer (GI)

[22,23,24,25,26]

Epstein Barr virus (EBV)

EAC, gastric cancer (GC), breast Cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC)

[22, 27,28,29,30]

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)

[31, 32]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Liver cancer

[33]

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

EAC, cervical cancer

[22, 34]

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

BC, GI

[35,36,37]

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Liver cancer

[38, 39]

Chlamydia psittaci

Ocular lymphomas

[40, 41]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

LC

[42]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

GC

[43,44,45]

Chlamydia pneumonia

LC, lymphomas

[41]

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum)

Colorectal cancer (CRC)

[46,47,48]

Bacteroides fragilis

CRC

[49, 50]

Bacteria

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

CRC

[49, 51, 52]

Streptococcus bovis

CRC

[53, 54]

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Gallbladder cancer

[55,56,57]

Campylobacter jejuni

CRC, small intestinal lymphomas

[19, 20, 40, 58]

Chlamydia trachomatis

Cervical cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)

[41, 59, 60]

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)

GI, CRC, pancreatic cancer, oral cancer

[61,62,63]