Table 2 Clinical applications of RNA modification in HCC
From: Clinical significance of RNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
XXX | Regulator Type | Abnormal change | Clinical implication | Clinical data | Regulator of RNA methylation | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | METTL3 | 2023 | [69] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Downregulation | Prognosis and Treatment | HCC tumors (n = 3) and sorafenib-resistant tumors (n = 3) obtained at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University and Southern Medical University | METTL3 | 2020 | [75] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | METTL3 | 2022 | [82] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC patients (n = 74) treated with adjuvant lenvatinib after radical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University | METTL3 | 2023 | [79] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Diagnosis and Prognosis | / | KIAA1429 | 2019 | [83] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | WTAP | 2019 | [78] |
m6A | Demethylase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC samples (n = 17) collected from patients who received radiotherapy for intrahepatic tumor at the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University | ALKBH5 | 2023 | [71] |
m6A | Demethylase | Downregulation | Prognosis | / | FTO | 2022 | [85] |
m6A | Binding proteins | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | IGF2BP1 | 2021 | [91] |
m6A | Binding proteins | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | YTHDF2 | 2020 | [88] |
m6A | / | Upregulation | Treatment | Paraffin-embedded HCC tissue samples (n = 212) and fresh HCC tissue samples (n = 12) obtained from the Shenzhen People’s Hospital | global m6A levels | 2023 | [116] |
m6A | Binding proteins | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases | IGF2BP1 | 2022 | [120] |
m6A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC frozen tissues (n = 17) and plasma (n = 35) from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital | METTL14 | 2022 | [121] |
m6A | Demethylase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC tissues (n = 38) obtained from Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (Shanghai, China) and Mengchao Hepatobiliary hospital of Fujian Medical University | ALKBH5 | [122] | |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Methyltransferase | Treatment | HCC tissues (n = 20) and the adjacent tissues (n = 20) collected from the Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University | NSUN2 | 2023 | [80] |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | NSUN2 | 2020 | [96] |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | NSUN4 | 2022 | [106] |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | NSUN5 | 2022 | [105] |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis and Treatment | HCC (n = 40) and paraneoplastic tissues (n = 40) obtained from the Wuhan University Central South Hospital and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. | NOP2 | 2023 | [76] |
m5C | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | ALYREF | 2021 | [107] |
m7G | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Treatment | MHCC97H orthotopic xenografts with or without IR treatment (n = 5/group) obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University | METTL1 | 2023 | [97] |
m7G | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC patients’ paraffin tissues (n = 14) collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University | METTL1 | 2023 | [98] |
m7G | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Treatment | HCC tissues with lenvatinib-sensitive (n = 37) and -resistant HCC (n = 13) collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University | METTL1 | 2023 | [77] |
m7G | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | METTL1 | 2021 | [108] |
m1A | Methyltransferase | Upregulation | Prognosis and Treatment | HCC tumor tissues (n = 191) and paired peri-tumor tissues (n = 191) obtained from the PLA General Hospital | TRMT6/TRMT61A | 2021 | [73] |
m1A | / | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | m1A-related genes | 2022 | [74] |
m6A/m5C/m1A | / | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes | 2022 | [109] |
m6A/m5C/m1A | / | Upregulation | Prognosis | / | m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes | 2023 | [110] |