Fig. 3
From: Nesprin proteins: bridging nuclear envelope dynamics to muscular dysfunction
Structure of Giant Nesprins and Isoforms. The structure of giant Nesprin-1/2 comprises three primary domains: tandem actin-binding CH domains, a central rod consisting of spectrin repeats (SRs), and the NE-targeting KASH domain, which includes a transmembrane (TM) domain and a luminal KASH peptide. Additionally, at the C-terminus, there is a highly conserved adaptive domain (AD) crucial for structurally stabilizing the SRs. Various Nesprin isoforms exist, some of which are depicted above, each with SRs close to the C-terminus. Nesprin-3 consists of a KASH domain and 7 SRs(3β) or 8SRs(3α).Nesprin-4 is the smallest member of the Nesprin family. It contains 1 SRs protein sequence and lacks an actin-binding domain (ABD).However, these isoforms often lack critical structural domains (e.g., CH or SRs) and display distinct expression patterns and localizations across diverse tissues