Fig. 3

VDR overexpression tumor cells promote the macrophages polarization and recruitment. (A) Construction of recombinant cell lines overexpressing and knocking down VDR was achieved using lentivirus in Panc1 and Capan1, respectively. (B-G) qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot were performed to measure the expression of M1 and M2 markers after co-culturing with transfected PAAD cells. Scale bars = 50 μm. (H-I) Representative images of macrophage migration assays and quantitative chart. Scale bars = 200 μm. (J) mIHC was performed on PAAD tumors from TMA. Scale bars = 100 μm. The values on the graphs represent are mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001