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Fig. 5 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 5

From: Interleukin-4 from curcumin-activated OECs emerges as a central modulator for increasing M2 polarization of microglia/macrophage in OEC anti-inflammatory activity for functional repair of spinal cord injury

Fig. 5

IL-4 from aOECs increased microglial anti-inflammatory polarization and reduced the pro-inflammatory cells after SCI. a Representative images of immunostaining of iNOS and Iba1 in saline, OECs, IL-4, or IL-4-si OECs-treated rats at 14 dpi. Scale bar = 100 μm. b Quantification of iNOS-positive microglia in the bilateral areas rostral and caudal to the lesion site. c Immunostaining of Arg-1-positive cells in saline, OECs, IL-4, or IL-4-si OECs-treated rats at 14 dpi. Scale bar = 100 μm. d Quantification of Arg-1-positive microglia in the bilateral areas rostral and caudal to the lesion site. Note that aOEC treatment increased the numbers of Arg-1-positive microglia/macrophages, the effect was significantly weakened by IL-4-si and NTAb n = 5/group. e Western blot analysis of Arg-1 and iNOS expression in the injury area at 14 dpi under the indicated treatments. f Quantification of expression levels of Arg-1 and iNOS normalized to β-actin. n = 10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X