Fig. 2

The effect of curcumin (CCM) on the activation of olfactory ensheathing cells. a and b Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA levels of CXCL1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in OECs stimulated with CCM for 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively. c Western blot analysis of TG2 and PSR expression in OECs under the indicated conditions for 1, 2, and 3 days. β-actin served as a loading control of total proteins. d Representative photomicrographs of BrdU incorporation into p75-positive cells to assess OEC proliferative capacity after treatment with CCMs for 1, 2, and 3 days. e Quantification analysis of BrdU-positive OECs. f Quantification of the proliferation rate in MTT assays revealed that CCM significantly promoted OEC proliferation. OEC proliferation was time-dependent. All data are reported means ± SEM, and representative of 3 independent experiments with similar findings. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs controls (Con). Scale bars, 100 mm