Fig. 4
From: Aldose reductase mediates endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high uric acid concentrations
H2O2 production increased in endothelial cells treated with various concentrations of UA, and impaired endothelial cells were reduced after elimination of H2O2 (A) O2 •−, 1O2, ·OH, and ONOO− levels decreased in endothelial cells (*P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6), but H2O2 was up-regulated in endothelial cells treated with 300 μM UA for 24 h (*P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6). 1O2 and · OH levels were down-regulated in endothelial cells treated with 600 μM UA for 24 h (# P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6), whereas O2 •−, H2O2, and ONOO− levels were up-regulated in endothelial cells treated with 600 μM UA (# P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6). b H2O2 production decreased in epalrestat + HUA cells that were pretreated with epalrestat for 30 min followed by treatment with 600 μM UA for 24 h (*P < 0.05 vs. HUA group, n = 6), but ONOO− levels in Epalrestat + HUA cells did not change compared to the HUA group. c Tntracellular H2O2 and total ROS levels were reduced by using PEG-catalase in the high UA cells, and NO production was enhanced in PEG-catalase + high UA cells pretreated with PEG-catalase for 30 min followed by treatment with 600 μM UA for 24 h (*P < 0.05 vs. HUA group, n = 6)